Quotes from Martin Van Buren

Martin Van Buren was the eighth president of the United States having served from 1837 to 1841. Following are quotes from the man known as the Little Magician. He was president during the Panic of 1837 and blocked the admission of Texas as a state.   Quote by Martin Van Buren As to the presidency, the two happiest days of my life were those of my entrance upon the office and my surrender of it. Unlike all who have preceded me, the Revolution that gave us existence as one people was achieved at the period of my birth; and whilst I contemplate with grateful reverence that memorable event, I feel that I belong to a later age and that I may not expect my countrymen to weigh my actions wi th the same kind and partial hand. Van Burens Inaugural Address March 4, 1837 The people under our system, like the king in a monarchy, never dies. On receiving from the people the sacred trust twice confided on my illustrious predecessor, and which he has discharged so faithfully and so well, I know that I can not expect to perform the arduous task with equal ability and success.  Van Burens Inaugural Address March 4, 1837 It is easier to do a job right than to explain why you didnt. For myself, therefore, I desire to declare that the principle that will govern me in the high duty to which my country calls me is a strict adherence to the letter and spirit of the Constitution as it was designed by those who framed it. Van Burens Inaugural Address March 4, 1837 There is a power in public opinion in this country-and I thank God for it: for it is the most honest and best of all powers-which will not tolerate an incompetent or unworthy man to hold in his weak or wicked hands the lives and fortunes of his fellow-citizens. Stated in the Judiciary Committee on January 8, 1826.

The Salem Hysteria Of Salem Village - 1407 Words

Nearly every form of religion in the world has a religious enemy most likely Satan or a devilish creature and all around the world during the civilized eighteenth century, much were executed due to the suspicion of the the prominent work of Satan also known as witchcraft the credibility although can all be given to mass hysteria a force in which uncontrollable fear affects behavior and passes from one to another. Particularly in the very new and non-popular site of the New World, Salem Village (United States). During the late 1600’s many women and few men were accused of practicing witchcraft in a small farming town known as Salem Village. Salem Village belonged to a very strict religion also known as Puritanism,the Puritan religion had no restraint that the slightest mistake during the Salem hysteria period could result in the farmers who met in the town hall gossiping about maybe your absence at church, and you were suspected to be a witch. The Salem Hysteria all arose when a clique of puritan girls had often met in Mr. Samuel Parris’s (pastor of Salem Village) kitchen where his native caribbean slave Tituba had been teaching of her decrepit culture in which included the teachings of magic. Anyway she taught them voodoo, told their fortunes by the palm of their hands, and retold religious stories but instead with a hint of magic. The clique, led by Ann Putnam were very intrigued about Tituba as Puritism did not allow any entertainment and thought that it was the work ofShow MoreRelatedWitchcraft in the Salem Village and The Crucible Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesseventeenth-century New England. A hysteria over it was caused by a group of girls. (Kent 95). Witchcraft was considered a terrible crime throughout Europe; its punishment was death by hanging or burning. (Dolan 8). Everyone in the village of Salem believed in witchcraft, and only a few have tried to use it. (Kent 18). In 1692, Salem Village hysteria was a major event in United States history, which will never be forgotten. The people of Salem were caught up in a hysteria of accusing many innocent womanRead MoreEssay on Witchcraft in the Small Village of Salem1585 Words   |  7 Pageswas death by hanging or burning (Dolan 8). Everyone in the village of Salem believed in witchcraft, and only a few had tried to use it (Kent 18). In 1692, Salem Village panic was a major event in United States history which will never be forgotten. The people of Salem were caught up in a hysteria of accusing m any innocent woman of witchcraft, even though it started as just a couple young girls who had acted strangely. In the village of Salem news spread fast, because of its size. The spread of newsRead MoreThe Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1463 Words   |  6 Pages During the 1600’s in the United States there was much economic and religious dissention within the Puritan society: a group of English reformed protestants who pursued the Purification of the Church of England. Among these issues, is the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials that prosecuted women to be found worshippers of the devil. The Puritans found the necessity to exercise this crusade in order to stay by their moral codes of conformity which included witchcraft to be the greatest crime, punishableRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : The Witch Trial Hysteria920 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Witch Trial Hysteria In 1692 the actions of three girls quickly launched Salem onto the path of committing one of the largest witch hunts the New World has ever known. The witch hunt was fueled by a mass hysteria among the townspeople, this hysteria was the result of the strictness of their society and a number of internal and external stressors. The initial wave of panic when rumors of witchcraft arose gave way to compete hysteria when accusations began. Salem massachusetts was the perfectRead MoreHistorical Journalism At The Salem Witch Trials863 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Journalism at the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials are one of the best known outbreaks of hysteria and fear in American history. This event began when Betty Parris, who was a daughter of Salem’s church’s minister, and Abigail Williams, who was her cousin, experiences several occasions of odd, violent behavior that they blamed on witchcraft. They accused two white women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, as well as a slave, Tituba, of practicing witchcraft in the village. The three women wereRead MoreSociological And Societal Issues That Influenced The Sweeping Accusations Of The Salem Witch Trials Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesaccusations of the Salem Witch Trials. The â€Å"witch hunt† frenzy began in Salem Village in early 1692 all due to two young girls influence. Three main societal issues prevalent at this time could have led to the hysteria and rapid movement of the witch hunt idea. The chaotic beginnings in leadership of the church at Salem Village, the strict Puritan lifestyle and be liefs of villagers, and the entertainment value of witchcraft culture among the youth are all factors in the Village of Salem’s fear againstRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe nation s most notorious cases of mass hysteria. The reasons behind the trials and deaths are complex and multifaceted. Internal disputes, strict religious lifestyles, accusations from young children, witch hunting methods, spectral evidence, and even some medical theories all stand as causes of the Salem Witch Trials. Political, local, and religious context is necessary in order to understand the mass hysteria that occurred in the 1690s during the Salem Witch Trials. In the early 17th centuryRead MoreSalem Witch Trials1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were a series of trials in which twenty-four people were killed after being accused of practicing witchcraft. These trials were caused by different social climates of the area including the very strong lack of a governor, the split between Salem Village and Salem Town, and the strict puritan lifestyle during the time period. Tituba, the black slave, was a foreigner from Barbados. Her role in society was to take care of Mr. Parris’s family. Tituba’s situation contributedRead MoreSalem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a youn g girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officialsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1700 Words   |  7 Pages1693, Salem, Massachusetts had a huge political conflict over religion. Spring of 1692, was the when witchcraft became the center cause of the Salem Witch Trials, thereafter spreading fear throughout the citizens by questioning their ways of life. Hysteria tortured the people located in Salem for the next year by means of having twenty-three people hung, pressed, or drowned. This essay is the understanding of how witchcraft attempted to create political order in Salem Town and Salem village and a

Advantage of internet in doing business Free Essays

Convenience Reduced or no face to face contact with the customer. The business schedules time for customer response rather than being at the demand of the customer , as In telephone or face-to-face contact Business can attend to their customers at any time, not just during normal trading hours Vela social network, business can not only communicate with customers quickly but also retrieve customers’ feedback Immediately and directly. Savings No shop rent If business Is only conducted on the Internet May need less staff and enables to hire excellent workers from all over the world for various tasks, such as: translating Job, business writing or seeding, code writing for website. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantage of internet in doing business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having a website Is a constant form of advertising to the public as It means information is available about services, products, business, promotions, contact detail, etc Business does not need to transport goods from ware house to shop, but an send them directly to the customers from the warehouse. Save marketing cost: traditional mass marketers have to send out thousands of postal mails to customers in order to introduce new products or services. Owing to internet, namely electronic mail (email) business saves such big amount of cost for postal expense and email printing cost. Speed Orders can be sent immediately, and transactions can be settled online. Funds are electronically transferred from the customers’ account to the business after authorization. The transaction date is collected in electronic form and entered into an accounting package. Via social network, business can not only communicate with customers quickly but also retrieve customers’ feedback immediately and directly instead of positively waiting for customers’ comments via phone or complaint letter. Quickly reach target customers and study characteristic of target markets How to cite Advantage of internet in doing business, Papers

Development Negotiation and Community Engagement

Question: Discuss about theDevelopment Negotiation and Community Engagement. Answer: Introduction Negotiations can be handled properly by developing a proper checklist that should include all the points in detail. Negotiations are different for various situations that can be handled by analyzing the current scenarios and the factors that affect the operations. The agency aims at delivering of project of building a shopping mall in the central part of the city. The project is to be completed within six months of time. The aim of the assignment is to develop an effective and ethical negotiation strategy that is used for the completion of the project by the consultant. During the completion of entire project the project manager has to deal with many clients and situations that can be handled properly of the project manager has proper negotiations skills. According to Defren et al. (2012), negotiation skills are used to motivate employees, set budgets and timeframe, and negotiate with the clients to promote and raise the products. Negotiations can take many forms. Few negotiations la st for a long time while few negotiations can be solved in a short notice. Businesses mainly enter into a negotiation either out of a necessity or for seeking out an opportunity. There are various points that need to be considered will managing the negotiations effectively and efficiently. Analysis Negotiation Process and Identification of Key Stakeholders The aim of the project manager is to complete the construction of the shopping mall in a central area within six months of time. Stakeholders are agencies or people that are directly or indirectly engaged with the operations of the organization or are likely to get affected with the existence of the organization and its policies and objectives. The key stakeholders for this particular project of developing shopping mall are identified as follows: the investors that are investing for the development of the project the directors of the project that includes the project manager, assistant project manager, and the CEO of the organization government agencies owners and shareholders suppliers of the raw materials for the construction of the shopping mall professionals and employees that are involved in development of the project and its completion labors that will be working for constructing the mall the entire community where the mall is to be constructed The main fear that the managers encounter is with the approval of the community and the government for the development of the shopping mall. Construction of the shopping mall will affect the community and its people because the mall is being constructed in a residential area. During the time of construction, lot of noise will be generated and their modes of transportation are likely to change which will affect the daily routine of people. Hence, this is the major fear that the community and people may disagree for the construction of shopping. It is essential for the consultant and the manager develops such negotiation process so that they are able to make the community understand the benefits of having a shopping mall for which they may allow the construction. The second need is to negotiate with the government agencies and seek legal advice so that the company does not get involved in any illegal process of development. The third negotiating party that the consultant will get involved is the parties that will purchase the stores and spaces at shopping mall for the construction of shops. The manager will have to negotiate regarding prices of the space that they will allocate and give them assurance that the project will be completed in the given time. The project development has to get into negotiation with the investors as well to motivate them to invest more by showing them the benefits and the return on the investment. The manager has to negotiate with the employees as well to encourage and motivate them to work hard f or the completion of project. Hence, it can be seen that the manager has to get into negotiation with the various stakeholders for efficiently completing the given. For getting into negotiation, it is essential to develop an effective negation process and strategies that is ethical. According to Allen and Burrell (2016), the negotiation is an open process where the two parties after discussion agree to one probable solution. Five steps to negotiation process are as follows: Figure: negotiation process (Source: Baarslag et al. 2014). Preparation and planning: the first step in negotiation process is preparation and planning. It is essential to collect the information before getting into the negotiation. Both the parties involved in negotiation will collect the information to help add validity to the claims. While negotiating with the investors the project manager will gather information about the investor and the amount that they are likely to invest. The investor will collect information about the company and analyze the project, its benefits and drawbacks (Forester 2016). Definition of ground rules: the second step in negotiation process is development of rules and procedures for the planned negotiation. The negotiating parties will decide on the place of negotiation, the time constraint, the issues and the agreement. Here both the negotiating parties will reveal and disclose the demands and expectations. An opening offer and a closing offer will be decided (Yaghootkar and Gil 2012). Clarification and justification: the third step is clarifying and justifying the support of original request from each side. In this step, both the parties give opportunity to educate and inform each other about their position (Griffith 2015). Exploring stage: the next step is where both the parties sign no agreements but a consent decision is made where both parties have established their needs so that they can move forward with the agreement (Wainwright et al. 2014). Closing step: this is the next step is where both the parties finally reach into conclusion where the deal is finalized and an agreement is signed. The above negotiations will be solved by following the negotiation process so that it can be solved systematically and efficiently. Challenges of Negotiations Negotiations face various challenges that the manager needs to realize in order to effectively manage the work. While negotiating with the parties for the development of shopping malls there are various challenges that the project development will face that can be solved by effectively applying strategies and skills to use. The challenges of negotiations are as follows: One of the challenges of negotiation is when one of the parties is not ready to understand the other party. These types of parties think only on its own interest ignoring the interest of other parties. While negotiating with the community of the area where the shopping mall is likely to develop the main challenge that the negotiator is likely to encounter is to make the people understand the benefits of the particular project (Schneider and Lewicki 2016). It is easy to get into negotiation with the employees, as they are likely to agree with proposal. The main challenge of negotiation that the manager would face is while negotiating with the investors, community, and government. Lack of time is another challenge for effective negotiation process. It is essential for the negotiating parties to carefully decide on the conflict taking proper time (Kerzner 2013). Going unprepared for the negotiation can pose the challenge. It is essential for both the parties to have information of the matter in detail so that no challenges are encountered. It is challenging to predict the proper return on investment. This can be a problem while encouraging the investors to increase the amount of investment. Without any valid proof the negotiation becomes challenging because the parties have no proper and valid answers to the questions (Piya et al. 2016). Challenges will also arise if the disadvantages of constructing a shopping mall out way the benefits and advantages. This then will make it difficult for the organization developing a project to convince the community to agree for the construction of shopping mall. It is also challenging to get into negotiation with the government, as the other party is stronger and has more influence. In order to negotiate with the government it is essential for the project development manager to have valid proof of data that they will present (Roubanis et al. 2013). Negotiation Strategy and Approach According to Brett et al. (2014), negotiation process is not a continual process but it is an individual event. It is essential to develop good relationships with the parties and stakeholders in order to avoid the negotiations and the challenges that are involved with the negotiation. A negotiation strategy of building a good relationship with the stakeholders will be followed while getting into a negotiation with the investors and employees. In fact, it is essential to build a good relationship with all the stakeholders. Since, the organization and the project manager know the investors and employees the relationships with them can affect the risk of negotiations. A good relation with employees will already keep them motivated at work and hence the project manager and consultant will not have to waste much time in negotiating with them (Planning.nsw.gov.au. 2016). While getting into the negotiation with the community and the people positive thinking strategy will be used. It is essential for the manager to have confidence and think positively. This positivity and confidence will help the negotiator give power and the community the confidence that whatever they are doing is right and beneficial. The manager should have ability to make the community believe the need of developing shopping mall. Having positive attitude will also be beneficial while getting into the negotiation with the parties that will purchase the shops in the mall (Rivera 2015). The strategy of being articulate and value build will be used while negotiating with the customers that will purchase the space in the mall. The aim of the manager is to sell the space at higher price while the aim of customer is to buy the space for shops at lower price. According to Pruitt (2013), negotiation with the government is a complex process. While negotiating with the government it is essential for the negotiator to think about the best and the worst outcome. The manager should not lose confidence if things do not go their way. Reevaluating the values and positions will help the negotiator reach its goals, as they are now confident and have proper knowledge and information. Hence, the negotiating parties can choose various strategies. The strategies depend on the types of negotiations and the scenario that the parties face. It also depends on the goals and objectives of the particular project or the organization. Findings and Recommendation The development of the shopping mall has various risks that that the manager should identify. After the identification of the risks, it is essential for the manager to develop negotiation process and strategies that will be used to mitigate the risk through proper and effective negotiation. It is recommended that the project manager and consultant to develop a proper negotiation checklist to see what might be better for the negotiators. The negotiation checklist should include and be categorized under various heads so that it is easier and effective to solve the negations. The situation should be properly assessed based on different parameters such as styles, goals and objectives. It is also recommendable for the manager to evaluate the pros and cons of the project development in order to negotiate with the parties with confidence. Formulation of period is necessary. Since the aim of the project manager is to complete the development of the shopping mall in six months time it is recommended to complete the project within the given period. This is essential to get into further conflict with the parties, which may further delay the project and make the situation more complex. References Allen, M. and Burrell, N., 2016. Distributive Negotiation Strategies.The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Baarslag, T., Hindriks, K., Hendrikx, M., Dirkzwager, A. and Jonker, C., 2014. Decoupling negotiating agents to explore the space of negotiation strategies. InNovel Insights in Agent-based Complex Automated Negotiation(pp. 61-83). Springer Japan. Brett, J.M., Teucher, B.M. and Gunia, B.C., 2014, January. Culture and Negotiation: Resolving Three Enigmas. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 13682). Academy of Management. Defren, T., Wirtz, B.W. and Ullrich, S., 2012. Divestment-management: Success factors in the negotiation process of a sell-off.Long Range Planning,45(4), pp.258-276. Forester, J., 2016. Sources of influence in planning practice and their implications for development negotiations.Routledge Revivals: The Design Professions and the Built Environment (1988). Griffith, G. (2015). The Greater Sydney Commission. eBrief 20/2015. New Parliamentary Research Service. (located in the Subject Documents section on UTS Online) Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Piya, S., Khadem, M.M.R.K. and Shamsuzzoha, A., 2016. Negotiation based decision support system for order acceptance.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,27(3), pp.443-468. Planning.nsw.gov.au. (2016). Department of Planning and Environment - Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Assess-and-Regulate/Development-Assessment/Systems [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Pruitt, D.G., 2013.Negotiation behavior. Academic Press. Rivera, N., 2015.The role of collaborative ontology development in the knowledge negotiation process. Roubanis, I., Hatay, M. and Baltag, A., 2013. Challenges to keeping the negotiation process on track.Managing Intractable Conflicts: Lessons from Moldova and Cyprus, p.109. Schneider, A.K. and Lewicki, R.J., 2016. The Past and Future Challenges of Negotiation Theory.Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol.,31, p.1. Wainwright, E., Wainwright, D., Keogh, E. and Eccleston, C., 2014. Successful Return to Work with Chronic Pain? Stakeholders Negotiation Strategies. Yaghootkar, K. and Gil, N., 2012. The effects of schedule-driven project management in multi-project environments.International Journal of Project Management,30(1), pp.127-140.

25 Words Coined by Nineteenth-Century Authors

25 Words Coined by Nineteenth-Century Authors 25 Words Coined by Nineteenth-Century Authors 25 Words Coined by Nineteenth-Century Authors By Mark Nichol This post lists a number of words that were introduced to the lexicon by novelists and other writers during the nineteenth century. 1. actualize: Poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge came up with this verb form of actual to refer to realizing a goal; self-actualization came much later. 2. airy-fairy: Poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, coined this term as a reduplication of fairy to mean â€Å"delicate,† â€Å"lacking in substance,† or â€Å"impractical.† 3. bicentennial: Humorist Mark Twain was the first writer to attach the prefix bi-, meaning â€Å"two,† to centennial, a recently coined word referring to a 100-year anniversary. 4. bisexual: Coleridge came up with the term bisexual, but in the context of androgyny, not attraction to both men and women. 5. boredom: Novelist Charles Dickens coined this word for the state of being bored. 6. butterfingers: Dickens was also responsible for this evocative reference to clumsiness, though he hyphenated it. 7. chintzy: Writer George Eliot crafted the adjective meaning â€Å"cheap,† â€Å"stingy,† or â€Å"unfashionable† from chintz, the word for a Calico print originating in India. 8. chortle: Lewis Carroll came up with this mashup of chuckle and snort. 9. coed: Novelist Louisa May Alcott’s truncation of coeducational originally referred, like the word on which it was based, to an educational system accommodating both boys and girls, but by extension it also came to refer to young female students. 10. doormat: Dickens was the first person to use the word doormat (hyphenated) to allude to someone figuratively being walked all over. 11. feminist: Novelist Alexandre Dumas (fils) used fà ©ministe, the French form of this term, to refer to someone who asserts that women are due all the rights accorded to men. 12. flummox: Dickens coined this nonsense word alluding to being bewildered or perplexed. 13. freelance: Author Sir Walter Scott employed this term (hyphenated) to describe a mercenary soldier, one whose lance (a long spear) was not wielded in the service of a single master, but (with its bearer) was hired out. 14. hard-boiled: Twain, in a speech, used this word to mean â€Å"hardened† to refer to hidebound grammatical usage; later, it pertained primarily to a tough attitude. 15. impact: Coleridge was the first to give this term for the act of collision a figurative sense of â€Å"the effect of one thing on another.† 16. intensify: Coleridge coined this term with the justification that â€Å"render intense† did not fit the meter of a poem he was writing. 17. linguistics: Multitalented William Whewell, a mathematician, philosopher, and poet, came up with this word for the study of language. 18. narcissist: Coleridge, inspired by the Greek myth of the self-absorbed youth Narcissus, came up with this term to describe a person similarly afflicted with self-admiration, though the psychological condition of narcissism refers also to a lack of empathy and, paradoxical to the primary quality of a narcissist, low self-esteem. 19. pedestrian: William Wordsworth came up with the word meaning â€Å"one who travels on foot.† 20. physicist: Whewell, finding physician already taken, coined this term to refer to someone who studies the laws of physics. 21. psychosomatic: Coleridge came up with this term to refer to imagined maladies. 22. relativity: Coleridge created this word to describe the concept of one thing having a relation to another. 23. scientist: Whewell, responding to Coleridge’s dissatisfaction with philosopher to refer to those who pursue the study of science, suggested scientist. 24. selfless: Coleridge coined this word meaning â€Å"unselfish.† 25. soulmate: Coleridge came up with this term (hyphenated) to refer to someone with whom one has a profound emotional connection. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryLatin Words and Expressions: All You Need to Know25 Favorite Portmanteau Words

Free sample - Alcoholism. translation missing

Alcoholism. AlcoholismAlcoholism is am addiction disease. It is widespread and serious disease, which exists in a modern world. Alcoholism brings consequences on physical, psychological, social and economical functioning of a person that consumes alcohol. Even if alcohol is being consumed for centuries, studying the harmful effects that alcohol causes started recently. In the beginning, alcoholism was not considered a disease, it was considered a vice. However, the World Health Organization declared alcoholism a disease in 1951, and the problem related to defining alcoholism appears. Defining alcoholism was difficult because the â€Å"alcoholism† includes variety of physical, psychological and social changes. Ayd defined alcoholism as a chronic disease with combined influence of genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors, which have strong influence in the development of alcoholism and its manifestations. It is considered as a progressive disease, which can be fatal, and it can be characterized by reduced control over consummation of alcohol, high level of preoccupation with alcohol, usage of alcohol (despite consequences), and possible appearance of distortions in thinking (such as denial) (27). Alcoholism is a chronicle disease, characterized with persistent consummation of alcohol, even with the knowledge of harmful effect that it produces. It manifests as incapability of controlling the act of drinking, and as a time goes by the whole life of an alcoholic is subordinated to drinking. The drinking is conducted, usually, on a daily basis, and it can be common for an alcoholic to deny this craving, although they do not want to eliminate the alcohol from their life. DSM IV classification represents alcoholism as an illness that includes alcohol abuse and dependence, which can be episodic or continuous. Alcoholism can be viewed as use of alcohol in a quantity and a frequency, which causes significant physiological, psychological, sociological or occupational problems (Ayd, 21). World Health Organization presented the following definition of alcoholism: â€Å"A chronic behavioral disorder manifested by repeated drinking of alcoholic beverages in excess of the dietary and social uses of the community and to an extent that interferes with the drinker’s health or his social or economic functions† (Zimberg, 4.). Jellinek (via Zimberg) gave the classification of several types of alcoholism: â€Å"alpha alcoholism†, defined as an abuse of alcohol, which is used to relieve physical or psychological pain, without losing the ability to control the drinking, with no withdrawal symptoms and no significant progression of the disease. â₠¬Å"Beta alcoholism†, defined as an alcoholism that has no physical or psychological dependence; it can be progressive and can produce medical complications. â€Å"Gamma alcoholism† represents the type of alcoholism in which control over drinking does not exist, and it produces physical, psychological and social problems. â€Å"Delta alcoholism† is a type of alcoholism that produces physical, psychological and social problems, and the person that drinks has a potential possibility of abstaining from alcohol for some period. â€Å"Epsilon alcoholism† is described as a periodic binge drinking (4). Symptoms of alcoholism - There is no one symptom that could define the alcoholism. The symptoms of alcoholism can be diverse and can vary, mostly depending on the person that consumes alcohol.   Stimmel mentioned that the National Council on Alcoholism has developed a list of signs and symptoms for diagnosing alcoholism, and that they can be divided into two main groups: definitive and probable (103). According to National Council on Alcoholism (via Stimmel), definite symptoms are: physical dependency on alcohol, followed with tremor, hallucinations and seizures; changes in psychological functioning; influence of alcohol on a brain; complications caused by drinking alcohol; continuous drinking with no consideration to many medical contraindications; indiscriminate use of alcohol; alcoholic blackouts; blood alcohol level over the 0.15 -0.30 percent. Probable symptoms of alcoholism are: loss of control over drinking; repetitive drinking and/or morning drinking; repeated attempts to a chieve abstinence; excuses from work; denying alcoholism by changing the type of alcoholic beverage; lack of interest for activities that are not associated with consummation of alcohol; low ability to control the emotion of rage when drinking, possible suicidal thoughts when drinking; using of alcohol as a method to reduce insomnia, anger and depression (103). O'Neill and Sher have emphasized next group of symptoms: spending a lot of time during the day or night thinking about alcohol, neglecting obligation because of consummation of alcohol, being late or missing the school or work, feeling a strong need for a drink early in the morning, attempting to stop with drinking, and feeling dependent on alcohol. (496). Some other symptoms of alcoholism might be tolerance and withdrawal (with possible severe withdrawal symptoms - hallucinations or convulsions), reduction of the number of activities because of drinking, using alcohol in potentially dangerous situations (driving), and time spent drinking (the time spent to consume alcohol increases over time). As the time goes by, an alcoholic will have to drink more to achieve the same â€Å"effect† that alcohol provides, and there is a possibility to see them drinking alone, by themselves, and finding excuses for exaggerated drinking. Causes of alcoholism - The alcoholism is a disease, which is caused by interaction of multiple causes. Causes are often complex and they have become numerous during the time. Grant and Gwinner considered following factors as main factors which help development of alcohol dependence: biological (impact on central nervous system, metabolism of alcohol, sensitivity to alcohol), psychological (personality traits and attitudes), and socio-cultural factors (64). According to Gifford, the causes of alcoholism should be looked for in genetics, environment and neurology (29). Also, a person who has mood disorders (anxiety or depression) is at higher risk to become dependent from alcohol. Genetics: There are evidences that support the thesis of inherited predisposition to alcohol dependence (Gifford, 29). It can be manifested as person’s vulnerability to alcohol dependence, due to the functioning of opiate receptors and the functioning of a liver. However, having a parent that is dependent on alcohol does not mean that a person will become an alcoholic itself. Genetic predispositions combined with other groups of factors (such as environmental factors) might contribute to appearance of alcohol dependence. Environment: the influence of a family on person’s development can be seen in a behavior related to alcohol consumption. Children who have alcoholic parents are at four times higher risk of developing alcohol dependence than children whose parents do not consume alcohol (Gifford, 30). The contributing influence on alcohol drinking can be availability of alcohol, being surrounded with peers that consume alcohol, advertising of alcohol (making it attractive and desirable), conflicts at the work or in home, and the presence of a partner that consumes alcohol. Other authors summarize causes of alcohol dependence, and some of them are family influence, influence of a culture, and adult situation (McCord McCord, 150). Anthony et al. conducted a research that gave following results: males are more prone to develop alcohol dependence than women are (249). Person from age 25-34 years old are more prone to develop alcohol dependence (251). Lack of employment, low academic achievement can bring a risk of development of alcohol dependence (253). Neurology: abuse of alcohol causes changes in entire body, and it especially leaves harmful consequences to a sensitive tissue of the brain. The main consequences are related to disbalance of neurotransmitters. Consummation of alcohol can cause disbalance of chemicals in the brain tissue, and it can regulate, in some way, the chemical balance in the brain. Whenever this balance is disturbed the brain might cause the body to feel the need for alcohol, in order to keep the balance of chemicals in order, while, at the same time, brain gradually looses the ability to maintain the balance on its own (Gifford, 30). Impacts of alcoholism - Alcohol consumption leads towards many complications, which can be general and long term, and can involve every aspect of a person’s life. Impact of alcoholism can be seen in health condition, psychological functioning, and socio-cultural aspect of a person’s life. According to Gifford, the most common health problems related to alcohol dependency are: problems with endocrine system (liver-alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, which produces secondary effects: vitamin deficiency, decreased absorption of fat, damages in cell structure, low blood sugar, etc. (32, 33), pancreas-diabetes), and digestive system (damage of intestine’s walls (can cause bleeding), reducing the amount of digestive enzymes (34)). There are significant problems with cardiovascular system (blood-appearance of anemia, blood clots, suppressing of the immune system, problems with creation of platelet, heart-high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia (34, 35)). Sexual related problems include practicing sex without any protection (pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases), and the appearance of problems with sexual performance in males. Alcohol can influence on women’s pregnancy and cause fetal alcohol syndrome and numerous defects on a fetus, if a mother continues to drink during the pregnancy (36). Impact of alcohol on a nervous system is manifested on brain (disbalance of neurotransmitters and tissue degeneration. Some of the problems that can occur are amnesia, dementia, abstinence syndrome and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (35, 36)) and damages of nerves (peripheral neuropathy (36)). Alcohol can contribute to problems with respiratory system: lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis) and possible lung scarring (36). Impact on psychological life can be seen in appearance of depression and suicidal thoughts, anxiety, possible visual and auditory hallucinations (Spielberger, 126). Social complications are related to drunk driving, worse performance at work or at school, and relationship problems (Gifford, 39). Treatment of alcoholism – because alcohol dependency is a complex disease with various types of alcohol users, and numerous causes, the treatment of this disease should use the combination of multiple types of therapy. The most common therapy is based on a combination of psychological (â€Å"12 step facilitation†, group therapy-Alcoholic Anonymous (AA), â€Å"controlled drinking† (Spielberger, 126)), and pharmaceutical therapy (such as using of naltrexone). The behavioral therapy is being used in a combination with pharmacotherapy, because psychological treatment is, sometimes, not effective for all patients (Galanter, 4). The following statistic gives insight into the severity of the alcoholism as a social problem: 14 million people in the U.S.A. are alcohol dependent. 66% of the U.S.A. population consumes alcohol. 9.8 million men and 3.9 million women abuse alcohol or they think they are alcohol-dependent. 41% of all traffic fatalities in U.S.A. are caused by drinking alcohol. Approximately 43% of U.S.A. adults have had a child, parent, sibling or spouse who is dependent on alcohol, or was dependent on alcohol† (citation is retrieved from the internet site1). Ayd, Frank J. Lexicon of psychiatry, neurology, and the neurosciences. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000 Anthony, James C. , Warner, Lynn A., Kessler, Ronald C. Comparative Epidemiology of Dependence on Tobacco, Alcohol, Controlled Substances, and Inhalants: Basic Findings From the National Comorbidity Survey. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1994. Vol. 2, No. 3, 244-268 Galanter, Marc. Research on alcoholism treatment: methodology, psychosocial treatment, selected treatment topics, research priorities. Springer, 2003 Gifford, Maria. Alcoholism. ABC-CLIO, 2009 Grant, Marcus, Gwinner, Paul. Alcoholism in perspective. Taylor Francis, 1979 McCord, William Maxwell, McCord, Joan. Origins of alcoholism. Stanford University Press, 1960 O'Neill, Susan E., Sher, Kenneth J. Physiological Alcohol Dependence Symptoms in Early Adulthood:A Longitudinal Perspective. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2000, Vol. 8, No. 4, 493-508 Spielberger, Charles D. Encyclopedia of applied psychology, Volume 1. Academic Press, 2004 Stimmel, Barry. Alcoholism, drug addiction, and the road to recovery: life on the edge. Routledge, 2002 Zimberg, Sheldon. The clinical management of alcoholism. Psychology Press, 1982

Quails Gate Winery Experiece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Quails Gate Winery Experiece - Essay Example Brand experience I think consists of expression, interaction, responsiveness and resilience, Therefore my view on Quails Gate Winery is shaped by my positive, negative, and personal experiences that I have encountered during my short visit to the place. Customers are normally preoccupied with so many things so that a personalizing experience is one way to build brand loyalty. I observed during my trip that the company tried to make positive impressions through a different approach of a marketing strategy. The marketing strategy of this company is detailed on experience they deliver to their customers on every interaction they make. I think that the winery experience established a compelling experience to build brand loyalty faster, and this knowledge becomes a brand in customers’ mind. My encounter with the Quails Gate Winery in Canada took place few months ago. This experience exposed me to agro-tourism, and gave me some learning about winery. I have learned to appreciate nature, relationships, and learned marketing strategies that could later on be relevant in business. In the process, I came to apply the cognitive, sense, relational experience, and emotions that are related to my brand experience in that trip. So, whenever I think of red wine, I think of the Quails Gate wine, such as I have developed brand loyalty because of experience. The Quail Gates winery was established in 1989 and was operated as a family winery business. Over the years, the family has developed its vineyard, cultivated, and promoted its plantations, and today it boasts of owning 189 acres of vineyard in Okanagan, Canada. Company is regarded as a leader in viticulture practices in Canada and has produced notable grape varieties. The family is known for its Pinot Noir and Chardonnay blocks. Today, Quail Gates Winery is recognized as one of Canada’s agro-tourism sites. Visitors return again and again